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JBS - Journal of Buddhist Studies
Journal of the U.S. Sangha for Buddhist Studies
ISSN: 2692-7357 . eISSN: 2692-739X
May-June 2021 | Volume 02, Issue 01
Cover Image
May/June, 2021
Journal of Buddhist Studies (ISSN 2692-7357, electronic ISSN 2692- 739X) is one of the academic studies of Buddhism and a part of the Journal of the U.S. Sangha for Buddhist Studies. © 2021 by The Regents of the Dharma Mountain Publishing. Allrights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the Journal of Buddhist Studies Press’s Reprints and Permissions web page, https://www.jbspress.com/ or via email: info@jbspress.com.
Front Matter
May/June 2021
The Journal of Buddhist Studies is published two times a year by the Dharma Mountain Publishing & Sakyamuni Buddhist Sangha of the United States.
Articles in Journal of Buddhist Studies do not necessarily represent the views of the editors or the Dharma Mountain Publishing or the Sakyamuni Buddhist Sangha of the U.S. Although the editors are responsible for their selection and acceptance of the articles, any responsibility for the opinions expressed and the accuracy of the statements contained in the articles rest upon the individual authors.
Table of Contents
May/June 2021
This new journal provides a forum for publication of original research papers, reviews, communications, and editorials directed at the interface between the fields of Buddhist studies and interreligious comparative studies.
This applies to both traditional articles and the other formats (research notes, essays, etc.) which the journal will provide space for. Such work would also involve greater interrogation of the normative and ethical assumptions of practice rather than taking such matters for granted.
Back Matter
May/June 2021
Journal of Buddhist studies – JBS Press, is one of the academic study of Buddhism. Is a Journal of the U.S. Sangha for Buddhist Studies. Scholars of Buddhist studies focus on the history, culture, archaeology, arts, philology, anthropology, sociology, theology, philosophy, practices, interreligious comparative studies and other subjects related to Buddhism.
The Mind in early Buddhism: The introduction of the term Citta, pre-Buddhist Citta, chronology in the Buddhist Canon
By Thich Minh Thanh, Ph.D.
0201/06-30 of JBS
May/June 2021
Philosophy of mind offers a theory of attribution to the mind, Buddhist philosophy of mind explains perceptions on mental phenomena. A rational, biochemical and spiritual exploration of Buddhist philosophy, the study contains spirituality and practical experience in this scholarly paper. It gives awareness so that you can bring yourself to your own right view.
A SURVEY OF BUDDHIST KAMMA
By Thich Minh Dieu, Ph.D
0201/31-50 of JBS
May/June, 2021
Buddhist philosophy is an epistemological field and belongs to the direct aspect of wisdom enlightenment. The concepts of reincarnation, rebirth, and karma you have heard, make for you self-identify for yourself to ask a question, so refer to this research paper, a valuable study, a useful spiritual food to help you better understand the aspect of karma:
A SURVEY OF BUDDHIST KAMMA
Buddhist Counseling: A Rising Field in Professional Psychology
By Kin Cheung (George) Lee, Ph.D
0201/51-94 of JBS
May/June, 2021
A viable application, a valuable study for academia and a practical contribution to the public. I find this to be a useful study, it helps with reference work, applications and references in areas of need. JBS journal appreciates the contribution of this scholarly research.
Angkor Wat: An Epitome of Buddhist Heritage in Cambodia
By Dr. Arvind Kumar Singh
0201/95-113 of JBS
May/June, 2021
One of the first Western visitors to Angkor Wat Temple was Antonio da Magdalena, a Portuguese monk who visited in 1586 and mentions that the temple “is of such extraordinary construction that it is not possible to describe it with a pen, particularly since it is like no other building in the world. It has towers and decoration and all the refinements which the human genius can conceive of."
Buddhism, Language and Nihilism
By Federico Divino, M.A.
0201/114-126 of JBS
May/June, 2021
Buddhist philosophy establishes philosophy: With the principle of dependence (conditions, causes and conditions), and everything is always changing and changing in connection, there is no definite self-existent self-nature, which is the essence of Buddhist ontological philosophy. This difficult question awakens self-awareness and self-questioning in the readers. In this study, the author used consulting skills in language, nihilistic philosophy and Buddhist philosophy to pose problems for reference. An interesting and useful subject for reference in the academic field of philosophy.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BUDDHISM AND BUDDHIST EDUCATION
By Thich Dong Tri – Doan, V. Thua, Ph.D.
0201/127-136 of JBS
May/June, 2021
Buddhism is a religion that directly realizes enlightenment, in terms of its characteristics, that philosophy belongs to the philosophy of self-knowledge of wisdom.
Buddhist Education a major that contributes to the curriculum in Education. A valuable scholarly research paper, a consistent combination, and hypothesized to apply in practice: CHARACTERISTICS OF BUDDHISM AND BUDDHIST EDUCATION.
The Applications and Actions of Buddhist Youth in the Context of the U.S. and Overseas
By Thich Giac Chinh, Buddhist Missionary
0201/137-148 of JBS
May/June, 2021
Young Buddhists are the young people who gather together to form an organization called the Buddhist Youth, or the Buddhist youth who are willing to apply the philosophy of Buddhism to form the motto living, forming the ideal of serving in social life.
If there is a great force of power to be found in the human entity and in mankind, it is the strength of the Youth.
Walk For Your Life: Mindfulness Practices for Difficult Times
By Jason Dilg, B.A.
0201/149-155 of JBS
May/June, 2021
Walking the path of mindfulness we always seek the middle way. In practice, we want to compassionately accept whatever resistance we might find in ourselves, while not giving up too easily because of difficult mind states.
Practice mindfulness meditation a type of energy that you perceive in reality for yourself.
Meditations on Meditation: A Narrative Analysis
By Aditya Rajavelu
Advisor of Phe X. Bach, Ed.D.
0201/
May/June, 2021
“Buddhist meditation is the practice of meditation in Buddhism. Buddhist meditation is a practical topic that has applied to practice and is an interesting topic in academic academia that the Journal of Buddhist Studies is focusing. Applying inquiry on Meditation to research in schools for students doing academic research is a great opportunity for the academic field.
December 2020 | Volume 01, Issue 01
EDITORIAL
Based on the philosophy of Buddhism, The Journal of Buddhist Studies has devoted itself to publishing "the good writers and the elite research of Buddhism".
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JBS Front 01012020
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Journal of Buddhist Studies (issn 2692-7357, electronic issn 2692-739X) is the academic study of Buddhism. Is a Journal of the U.S. Sangha for Buddhist Studies. The Journal of Buddhist Studies is published bimonthly two times a year by the Dharma Mountain Publishing & Sakyamuni Buddhist Sangha of the U.S.
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CONTENTS of JBS
Contents of JBS | View Article | PDF
This applies to both traditional articles and the other formats (research notes, essays, etc.) which the journal will provide space for. Such work would also involve greater interrogation of the normative and ethical assumptions of practice rather than taking such matters for granted. The essays presented here represent a fraction of what remains to be learned about of Buddhism.
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THE MIND IN EARLY BUDDHISM: Citta Conceived Through Its Ordinary States
by Thich Minh Thanh Ph.D.
01/06 of JBS | View Article | PDF
This chapter and the next one will explore for their data into the Sutta Piṭaka as surveyed in the previous chapter. They are an attempt at depicting the concept of citta through the systematic presentation of the variant cittas that are used in combination with the respective distinct groups of modifying elements. The presentation would make it apparent that the core of the concept of citta as depicted in the Sutta Piṭaka however does not differ basically. When put into the textual circumstances it is subject to variation and suggestive of new shades of meaning. Therefore, examination of the concept of citta in isolation anyhow is impracticable.
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Three Intertwined Paths to Leading for Sustainable Peace
by Phe Bach, Ed.D., & W. Edward Bureau, Ph.D.
02/29 of JBS | View Article | PDF
Sustainable peace anchors itself in mindfulness of the present, the people, and the microcosms in which we exist. Rather than existing as a static state, the peace is organic and dynamic, flowing itself around the vagaries of “unpeacefulness.” Thus, being a mindful leader begins with the practice of Noble Eightfold Path and finding peace within oneself and continues by manifesting that peace every day. Doing so is the seed from which systems and circumstances can, themselves, perpetuate peace.
Thinking about how mindful leadership can sustain peace, we must consider how mindfulness can be cultivated within the individual and how he or she can sustain mindfulness everyday despite external challenges. Integrating the practice of mindfulness with an understanding of “systems thinking” opens paths for sustaining peace within and across organizations, governments, and political structures. Yet, leaders, teachers and others must also embrace “the continual flow” and know that a seeming.....
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The Concept of Karma and Rebirth
by Thich Minh Dieu, Ph.D., Buddhist Missionary
03/49 of JBS | View Article | PDF
This chapter comprises of the sources on Brahmaṇical System. Here specific reference will be made two early Upaniṣads, namely, the Bṛhadāraṇyaka and Chāndogya Upaniṣad in order to apprehend the doctrine of karma and rebirth which is very clearly mentioned in these sources. To keep on this direction, on the account of the Buddha’s discourse, the theories of action held by his predecessors and contemporaries will be presented.
The doctrine of karma represents moral responsibility from different points of view, of course Brahmaṇical doctrines where mostly interested in permanent and eternal reality. In that respect, ātman and Brahman where approved of the research. Psycho-physical personality came into the picture as secondary proof. Consequently, the problem of individual human responsibilities did not come out as an important philosophical issue.
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DASAPĀRAMITĀ: A Buddhist Way for Universal Compassion and Benefit for global well-being
by Bhikkhuni TN. Thanh Nha - Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong,
Research Scholar at Gautam Buddha University
04/77 of JBS | View Article | PDF
Buddhist teachings offer abundant guidelines for how people should communicate, or what standards and rules should guide people’s conduct. Buddhism strongly upholds ethical concepts of tolerance, non-violence, respect for the individual, love of animals and nature, and a belief in the fundamental spiritual equality of all human beings. Among the Buddha’s Dhamma, Pāramī or Pāramitā is a specific way of benefitting other beings. It can be seen that Dasapāramitā or ten Pāramī is the Buddhist way for universal compassion and global well-being.
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Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent:
Reflections in History and Archaeology
by Dr. Pallavi Prasad
05/89 of JBS | View Article | PDF
The sixth century BCE was a remarkable period in Indian history when the field of philosophical inquiries was bubbling with intense activity. Apart from significant developments in the political, social and economic spheres, it marked the beginning of early historical period in north India and witnessed the process of state formation and urbanisation in the Ganga valley. According to Buddhist sources as many as 62 new religious sects and according to Jain texts 363 sects emerged in north India in the sixth century BCE. Of all the searching souls and religious preachers of this time, Gautam Buddha was exceptionally influential, with the most popular social base.
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Buddhist Tantra: Visualisation Practices and Feminine Imagery
by Dr. Pranshu Samdarshi
06/103 of JBS | View Article | PDF
Though in religions such as Buddhism, because of its non-theological framework, the presence of any supreme creator god or goddess is denied, however, the existence of divinities is well acknowledged within the religious structure of Buddhism. On the ontological level, the existence of divinities is posited by the texts of Sutra as well as Tantra system of Buddhism. The higher versions of non-dual tantra posit these divinities to have a non-intrinsic nature. In Hevajra-tantra, the sentient beings and the Buddha are said to be essentially one. This essential of non-duality has continuing importance in the meditative visualization and ritualistic practices of tantra.
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Role of Tibetan Translation of Buddhist Scriptures and Treatises: An Informative Study
by Sanjib Kumar Das, Prof. Ph.D.
07/131 of JBS | View Article | PDF
We all know that after the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa, His teachings were formulated and transmitted through oral tradition, and it was written down in several versions in the 2nd and 1st century B.C. The entire corpus of Buddhist writings was translated into Chinese over a period of a thousand years, beginning in the 1st century C.E. This was a collaborative effort by Chinese monks in particular.
On the other hand, the His teachings were brought to Tibet in original since the introduction of Buddhism by the Indian Buddhist missionaries. The Tibetans have paid and still pay high regard to those teachings by preserving them in Tibetan translation and by codifying them as the sacred texts of the Indian. From the seventh century onwards, during the reign of the Tibetan king Thrisrong Deutsan, the original teachings began to be translated into Tibetan under the royal patronage. The work was done over a long period at the Translation Department...
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Lacquered Thiền: A New Face of Thiền Manifested through Sinic-Vietnamese Contact as a “Cocktail Thiền” of Vietnamese Buddhism
by Ven. Thich Chan Phap Tu – Don Thuong Trieu, M.A.
08/139 of JBS | View Article | PDF
The aim of this research paper is to re-investigate the foundation of Thiền Trúc Lâm School of Vietnamese Buddhism, and thus its philosophical and cultural significance as representing Vietnam “pure” Buddhism. This Thiền School is considered to be the “first serious effort to establish a Zen school in medieval Vietnam.” The Thiền Trúc Lâm School became a national symbol of Vietnamese independence as a response to Vietnamese de-Sinicization efforts. Amongst Vietnamese Buddhist scholars, there are two opposite attitudes regarding this Zen school. The first attitude is that most Vietnamese Buddhist scholars [inside Vietnam] regard this Zen school as a “pure Vietnamese” Zen school.
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Vietnamese Zen Master Quang Nghiem:
The thought of Ke Thi Tich (偈示寂/The last message)
Ven. Le Chi Luc, Ph.D. Research Scholar at Acharya Nagarjuna University
09/184 of JBS | View Article | PDF
Zen Master Quang-Nghiem was born in North of Vietnam, he is the 11th generation transmission of the Vo Ngon Thong Chan' lineage / 無言 通 禪師 (759-862) who was known as disciple of Zen Master named Bach-Truong Hoai-Hai (百丈 懷 海). According to the book know as Eminent Monks of the Thien Community (Thien-Uyen-Tap-Anh/ 禪苑集英), a collection of biographies of famous monks in the Vietnamese meditation school, Zen master Quang-Nghiem before his death had gathered his disciples to teach and say the last verse:
離 寂 方言 寂滅 去 ，
生 無 生 後 說 無 生。
男兒 自有 衝天 志 ，
休 向 如 來 行 處 行。
“Only when you escape from death that you can discuss the nature of death,
Only when you are born into the land of no birth that you can talk of birthlessness.
A young man has to have the ambition to shatter heaven,
Don’t bother treading the well-worn path of Tathagata.”
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How Does Thich Nhat Hanh Reinterpret the Four Noble Truths?
by Ven. Quang Le, M.A. student at Berkeley, California
10/197 of JBS | View Article | PDF
In this work I present the definition of the Four Noble Truths, explained by the Buddha. Then I argue that Thich Nhat Hanh critically inherits this teaching while reinterpreting the Four Noble Truths in a positive, balanced, updated, and extensive way. Also, when describing the four characteristics interpreted by him, I include some similar and different opinions from Rupert Gethin, Kate Crosby, and Ajahn Brahm. I also write about how Thich Nhat Hanh, then Dalai Lama, describes Dharma Seals whose suffering is debatable. Further research showed that in 2013 Thich Nhat Hanh states that a teaching is not Buddhism, even though it includes the name of the Four Noble Truths, if it is not relevant to the circumstance (the context that human lives). It is very necessary, according Thich Nhat Hanh, that the tradition must be relevant to the abilities of learners. Even though they are the Four Noble Truths or the Eightfold Path, they are not Buddhism because the learners do not understand to put them into practice. Researchers could use this interpretation from him as a reference to analyze when does a teaching of the Four Noble Truths belong to Buddhism, when does not? Other promising future research topics include how Thich Nhat Hanh reinterprets the Dependent Origination, how Thich Nhat Hanh reinterprets Nirvana, or how Thich Nhat Hanh reinterprets Christianity.
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Meditation nourishes: Strengthen the immune system to train the mind to
lead to mental and physical balance
by Thich Giac Chinh, M.A., Buddhist Missionary
11/210 of JBS | View Article | PDF
Buddhist meditation is a practice with the application of meditation practice in Buddhism. Buddhist meditation is perceived in terms of Philology or Literature as the descriptive concept of "state of mental development or mental development"; is a practical discipline "to train the mind to lead to mental and physical balance" and "the calm and clear state and luminous mind".
During the First Buddhist Council, thirty years after the parinibbana of Sakyamuni Gautama Buddha and the Fourth Buddhist Council in 29 BCE, we had the opportunity to refer to the etymology of the word dhyāna (Sanskrit)/jhāna (Pāḷi) and bhāvanā is shown in the Tripitaka. It's very clear, that dhyāna/jhāna is a concept to perceive "to train the mind to lead to mental and physical balance" and "the calm clear state and luminous mind"; the bhāvanā is a concept to perceive "state of mental development or mental development".
In the philosophical aspect, Buddhist meditation has profound implications as an applied discipline of spiritual philosophy or philosophy of mind.
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Volume 01, Issue 01
Welcome to the The Journal of Buddhist Studies, a is one of the academic study of Buddhism, a culture of Buddhist gazette brought to you by the editors of The Journal of Buddhist Studies.